Monolithic perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells present the most economically viable pathway to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit of silicon photovoltaics. We demonstrate a certified power conversion efficiency of 33.7% on a 1 cm² active area by implementing a 2D/3D gradient halide interface passivated with diammonium halide salts, maintaining 96% operational stability after 1,500 hours under continuous 1-sun illumination.
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